Metformin

Metformin is a well-known oral medication traditionally used to manage type 2 diabetes. In recent years, it has gained recognition in longevity and anti-aging medicine due to its impact on insulin sensitivity, mitochondrial health, inflammation, and cellular aging. As a caloric restriction mimetic, Metformin is now widely used off-label to support metabolic health, fat loss, and cellular resilience, with potential to reduce age-related diseases and improve health span.

Metformin targets multiple aging-related pathways through metabolic regulation and mitochondrial support:

1. AMPK Activation
   • Metformin activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a key energy sensor that promotes fat oxidation, glucose uptake, and mitochondrial biogenesis—mimicking the effects of fasting.
2. Insulin Sensitivity & Glycemic Control
   • It lowers circulating insulin and glucose levels, helping reduce systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, two hallmarks of aging and metabolic decline.
3. mTOR Pathway Modulation
   • By inhibiting the mTOR pathway, Metformin slows down cellular overgrowth and supports autophagy—a crucial anti-aging process for cellular cleanup and repair.

✔ Enhances insulin sensitivity and stabilizes blood sugar

✔ May reduce visceral fat and improve body composition

✔ Supports mitochondrial function and metabolic flexibility

✔ May reduce the risk of age-related diseases (heart disease, cancer, cognitive decline)

✔ Activates cellular repair pathways (AMPK, autophagy)